Add error message for topic query parameters with Pulsar sink and test other options

[kathancox]

Describe the problem

While writing docs examples for the apache pulsar sink, found that some of the options that are listed in an issue as "unsupported" seem to work. The testing for docs hasn't been exhaustive, but found the following:

1. resolved, updated, and mvcc_timestamp do send out timestamps to the pulsar sink, and they seem to be correct.
2. topic_prefix and topic_name do not work; however, the changefeed creates successfully and there is no error that these parameters do not work. Pulsar will instead automatically create the table name based on the target table.

To Reproduce

Create changefeed with prefix:

create changefeed for table movr.promo_codes into 'pulsar://{host_IP}:6650?topic_prefix=foo_' with updated;

Try to start a consumer to listen to message for the foo_promo_codes topic:

sudo docker run -it --network="host" apachepulsar/pulsar:latest bin/pulsar-client consume foo_promo_codes -s sub1 -n 0

Consumer listens, but does not get any messages:

2024-05-17T17:59:56,048+0000 [pulsar-client-io-1-3] INFO  org.apache.pulsar.client.impl.ConsumerImpl - [foo_promo_codes][sub1] Subscribing to topic on cnx [id: 0xcf3bd466, L:/127.0.0.1:37036 - R:localhost/127.0.0.1:6650], consumerId 0
2024-05-17T17:59:56,058+0000 [pulsar-client-io-1-3] INFO  org.apache.pulsar.client.impl.ConsumerImpl - [foo_promo_codes][sub1] Subscribed to topic on localhost/127.0.0.1:6650 -- consumer: 0

Take away the prefix from the command:

sudo docker run -it --network="host" apachepulsar/pulsar:latest bin/pulsar-client consume promo_codes -s sub1 -n 0

Receive messages:

----- got message -----
key:[null], properties:[], content:{"Key":["cafe0bb2-4379-44be-9046-7f561af90c8b"],"Value":{"after": {"code": "cafe0bb2-4379-44be-9046-7f561af90c8b", "creation_time": "2019-01-11T03:04:05", "description": "However list project across family computer. Structure eight draw black modern. Focus certain job ok step detail hundred listen. Water technology station report.", "expiration_time": "2019-01-27T03:04:05", "rules": {"type": "percent_discount", "value": "10%"}}, "updated": "1715968562184554000.0000000000"},"Topic":"promo_codes"}
----- got message -----
key:[null], properties:[], content:{"Key":["e272c8f5-9498-4b10-8537-991bb7aaf733"],"Value":{"after": {"code": "e272c8f5-9498-4b10-8537-991bb7aaf733", "creation_time": "2018-12-11T03:04:05", "description": "Edge pay those level admit cut. Career total better course professor society. His these glass body account play. Water walk list rich recent.", "expiration_time": "2019-01-02T03:04:05", "rules": {"type": "percent_discount", "value": "10%"}}, "updated": "1715968562184554000.0000000000"},"Topic":"promo_codes"}
----- got message -----
key:[null], properties:[], content:{"Key":["e8c0f884-a4cb-4036-838b-a0961376076e"],"Value":{"after": {"code": "e8c0f884-a4cb-4036-838b-a0961376076e", "creation_time": "2019-01-10T03:04:05", "description": "There true without must. Mr different goal machine control. Response either above know generation agent. Show town quality later prevent.", "expiration_time": "2019-01-17T03:04:05", "rules": {"type": "percent_discount", "value": "10%"}}, "updated": "1715968562184554000.0000000000"},"Topic":"promo_codes"}

Environment:
This was testing on a ubuntu server running pulsar in Docker with a local cockroachdb cluster v24.1.0-beta.1.

Jira issue: CRDB-38845

[blathers-crl]

cc @cockroachdb/cdc