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第十八章.asciidoc

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Appendix A: 以太坊标准

以太坊改进提案(EIPs)

来自EIP-1:

EIP代表以太坊改进提案。EIP是一个设计文档,为以太坊社区提供信息,或描述以太坊或其过程或环境的新功能。EIP应提供该功能的简明技术规范和该功能的基本原理。EIP作者负责在社区内建立共识并记录不同意见。
Ethereum Improvement Proposal Workflow
Figure 1. Ethereum改进提案工作流程

以太坊征求意见(ERCs)

Request for Comments(RFC)是一种用于为互联网引入技术和组织指南的方法,因为它们是由https://www.ietf.org[Internet Engineering Task Force]提出的。ERCS包括为以太坊网络设置标准的类似指南。以下部分提供了由以太坊开发人员社区开发和接受的最新列表。

最重要的EIP和ERC表

Table 1. Important EIPs and ERCs
EIP/ERC # Title Author Layer Status Created

EIP-1

EIP Purpose and Guidelines

Martin Becze, Hudson Jameson

Meta

Final

EIP-2

Homestead Hard-fork Changes

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

EIP-5

Gas Usage for RETURN and CALL

Christian Reitwiessner

Core

Draft

EIP-6

Renaming Suicide Opcode

Hudson Jameson

Interface

Final

EIP-7

DELEGATECALL

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

EIP-8

devp2p Forward Compatibility Requirements for Homestead

Felix Lange

Networking

Final

EIP-20

ERC-20 Token Standard. Describes standard functions a token contract may implement to allow DApps and Wallets to handle tokens across multiple interfaces/DApps. Methods include: totalSupply(), balanceOf(address), transfer, transferFrom, approve, allowance. Events include: Transfer (triggered when tokens are transferred), Approval (triggered when approve is called).

Fabian Vogelsteller, Vitalik Buterin

ERC

Final

Frontier

EIP-55

ERC-55 Mixed-case checksum address encoding

Vitalik Buterin

ERC

Final

EIP-86

Setting the stage for "abstracting out" account security, and allowing users creation of "account contracts" toward a model where in the long-term all accounts are contracts that can pay for gas, and users are free to defined their own security model (that perform any desired signature verification and nonce checks instead of using the in-protocol mechanism where ECDSA and default nonce scheme are the only "standard" way to secure an account, which is currently hard-coded into transaction processing).

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Deferred (to be replaced)

Constantinople

EIP-96

Setting the Blockhash and state root refactoring to store blockhashes in the state to reduce protocol complexity and need for client implementation complexity necessary to process the BLOCKHASH opcode. Extends range of how far back blockhash checking may go, with the side effect of creating direct links between blocks with very distant block numbers to facilitate much more efficient initial Light Client syncing.

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Deferred

Constantinople

EIP-100

Change formula that computes the difficulty of a block (difficulty adjustment algorithm) to target mean block time and take uncles into account.

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-101

Serenity Currency and Crypto Abstraction. Abstracting Ether up a level with the benefit of allowing Ether and sub-Tokens to be treated similarly by contracts, reducing level of indirection required for custom-policy accounts such as Multisigs, and purifying the underlying Ethereum protocol by reducing the minimal consensus implementation complexity

Vitalik Buterin

Active

Serenity feature

Serenity Casper

EIP-105

"Sharding scaffolding" EIP to allow Ethereum transactions to be parallelised using a binary tree sharding mechanism, and to set the stage for a later sharding scheme. Research in progress: https://github.com/ethereum/sharding

Vitalik Buterin

Active

Serenity feature

Serenity Casper

EIP-137

Ethereum Domain Name Service - Specification

Nick Johnson

ERC

Final

EIP-140

Add REVERT opcode instruction, which stops execution and rolls back the EVM execution state changes without consuming all provided gas (instead the contract only has to pay for memory) or losing logs, and returning to the caller a pointer to the memory location with the error code or message.

Alex Beregszaszi, Nikolai Mushegian

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-141

Designated invalid EVM instruction

Alex Beregszaszi

Core

Final

EIP-145

Bitwise shifting instructions in EVM

Alex Beregszaszi, Paweł Bylica

Core

Deferred

EIP-150

Gas cost changes for IO-heavy operations

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

EIP-155

Simple Replay Attack Protection. Replay Attack allows any transaction using a pre-EIP155 Ethereum Node or Client to become signed so it is valid and executed on both the Ethereum and Ethereum Classic chains.

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

Homestead

EIP-158

State clearing

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Superseded

EIP-160

EXP cost increase

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

EIP-161

State trie clearing (invariant-preserving alternative[EIP-161]

Gavin Wood

Core

Final

EIP-162

ERC-162 ENS support for reverse resolution of Ethereum addresses

Maurelian, Nick Johnson

ERC

Final

EIP-165

ERC-165 Standard Interface Detection

Christian Reitwiessner

Interface

Draft

EIP-170

Contract code size limit

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

EIP-181

ERC-181 ENS support for reverse resolution of Ethereum addresses

Nick Johnson

ERC

Final

EIP-190

ERC-190 Ethereum Smart Contract Packaging Standard

Merriam, Coulter, Erfurt, Catalano, Matias

ERC

Final

EIP-196

Precompiled contracts for addition and scalar multiplication operations on the elliptic curve alt_bn128, which are required in order to perform zkSNARK verification within the block gas limit

Christian Reitwiessner

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-197

Precompiled contracts for optimal Ate pairing check of a pairing function on a specific pairing-friendly elliptic curve alt_bn128 and is combined with EIP 196

Vitalik Buterin, Christian Reitwiessner

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-198

Precompile to support big integer modular exponentiation enabling RSA signature verification and other cryptographic applications

Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-211

New opcodes: RETURNDATASIZE and RETURNDATACOPY. Support for returning variable-length values inside the EVM with simple gas charging and minimal change to calling opcodes using new opcodes RETURNDATASIZE and RETURNDATACOPY. Handles similar to existing calldata, whereby after a call, return data is kept inside a virtual buffer from which the caller can copy it (or parts thereof) into memory, and upon the next call, the buffer is overwritten.

Christian Reitwiessner

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-214

New opcode: STATICCALL. Permits non-state-changing calls to itself or other contracts whilst disallowing any modifications to state during the call (and its sub-calls, if present) to increase smart contract security and assure developers that re-entrancy bugs cannot arise from the call. Calls the child with STATIC flag set true for execution of child, causing exception to be thrown upon any attempts to make state-changing operations inside an execution instance where STATIC is set true, and resets flag once call returns.

Vitalik Buterin, Christian Reitwiessner

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-225

Rinkeby Testnet using Proof-of-Authority where blocks only mined by trusted signers

Homestead

EIP-234

Add blockHash to JSON-RPC filter options

Micah Zoltu

Interface

Draft

EIP-615

Subroutines and Static Jumps for the EVM

Greg Colvin

Core

Draft

EIP-616

SIMD Operations for the EVM

Greg Colvin

Core

Draft

EIP-681

ERC-681 URL Format for Transaction Requests

Daniel A. Nagy

Interface

Draft

EIP-649

Metropolis Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Reduction - Delay of the Ice Age (aka the Difficulty Bomb by 1 year), and reduction of the block reward from 5 to 3 ether.

Afri Schoedon, Vitalik Buterin

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-658

Embedding transaction status code in receipts. Fetch and embed status field indicative of success or failure state to transaction receipts for callers, as was no longer able to assume the transaction failed if and only if (iff) it consumed all gas after the introduction of the REVERT opcode in EIP-140.

Nick Johnson

Core

Final

Metropolis Byzantinium

EIP-706

DEVp2p snappy compression

Péter Szilágyi

Networking

Final

EIP-721

ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Standard. It is a standard API that would allow smart contracts to operate as unique tradable non-fungible tokens (NFT) that may be tracked in standardised wallets and traded on exchanges as assets of value, similar to ERC-20. CryptoKitties was the first popularly-adopted implementation of a digital NFT in the Ethereum ecosystem.

William Entriken, Dieter Shirley, Jacob Evans, Nastassia Sachs

Standard

Draft

EIP-758

Subscriptions and filters for transaction return data

Jack Peterson

Interface

Draft

EIP-801

ERC-801 Canary Standard

ligi

Interface

Draft

EIP-827

ERC-827 A extension of the standard interface ERC20 for tokens with methods that allows the execution of calls inside transfer and approvals. This standard provides basic functionality to transfer tokens, as well as allow tokens to be approved so they can be spent by another on-chain third party. Also it allows to execute calls on transfers and approvals.

Augusto Lemble

ERC

Draft

EIP-930

ERC-930 The ES (Eternal Storage) contract is owned by an address that have write permissions. The storage is public, which means everyone has read permissions. It store the data on mappings, using one mapping per type of variable. The use of this contract allows the developer to migrate the storage easily to another contract if needed.

Augusto Lemble

ERC

Draft

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