feat(node): Use node: prefix for node built-ins

[timfish]

Cloudflare workers Node compatibility mode requires that all node built-ins are loaded with the node: prefix.

@sentry/node still wont work in compat mode for now because our dependencies (ie. otel) are not using the prefix, I guess due to their current Node version support. They state that they support Node v14 but v14.18 is required to use the prefix.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser	21.65 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	32.68 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	68.02 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	61.42 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	72.06 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	84.15 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	37.66 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	26.21 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	30.73 KB (0%)
@sentry/react	24.33 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	35.64 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue	25.48 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	34.47 KB (0%)
@sentry/svelte	21.78 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle	24.13 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	34.05 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	67.72 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	72.83 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	70.99 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	101 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	210.61 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	223.09 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs (client)	34.87 KB (0%)
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	33.24 KB (0%)
@sentry/node	139.77 KB (-5.14% 🔽)