[GHA] Nilakkhana transform

comment/en/sujato/sutta/dn/dn10_comment-en-sujato.json

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
   "dn10:1.1.2": "Ānanda’s role became more prominent as a leader of the Saṅgha in the years after the Buddha’s passing. This sutta shows the continued propagation of the Buddha’s teachings after his death. ",
-  "dn10:1.1.3": "The same Subha earlier met the Buddha in [mn99]() and again in [mn135](), where he asked about kamma. His father Todeyya was a prominent brahmin, often mentioned alongside Pokkharasādi. The two apparently lived not far from each other, as, according to the commentary, Todeyya was named for his village of Tudi outside of Sāvatthī (see Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī 4.3.94). | These events suggest a certain, albeit tenuous, timeframe for the significant conversion of influential brahmins initiated by Pokkharasādi in [dn3](). Here, Subha is active after the Buddha’s death, suggesting his age is aligned with that of Ānanda, a generation younger than the Buddha. If this is so, Subha’s first meeting with the Buddha would have taken place no earlier than the middle period of his teaching, perhaps twenty years before the Parinibbāna (MN 99). There he mentions Pokkharasādi’s hostility to the claims of ascetics, so this must precede Pokkharasādi’s conversion in DN 3 by a considerable period. This suggests that the conversion of Pokkharasādi, and the events that flowed from that, happened late in the Buddha’s career, perhaps in the final decade of his life. ",
+  "dn10:1.1.3": "The same Subha earlier met the Buddha in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/mn99/en/sujato'>MN 99</a> and again in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/mn135/en/sujato'>MN 135</a>, where he asked about kamma. His father Todeyya was a prominent brahmin, often mentioned alongside Pokkharasādi. The two apparently lived not far from each other, as, according to the commentary, Todeyya was named for his village of Tudi outside of Sāvatthī (see Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī 4.3.94). | These events suggest a certain, albeit tenuous, timeframe for the significant conversion of influential brahmins initiated by Pokkharasādi in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn3/en/sujato'>DN 3</a>. Here, Subha is active after the Buddha’s death, suggesting his age is aligned with that of Ānanda, a generation younger than the Buddha. If this is so, Subha’s first meeting with the Buddha would have taken place no earlier than the middle period of his teaching, perhaps twenty years before the Parinibbāna (MN 99). There he mentions Pokkharasādi’s hostility to the claims of ascetics, so this must precede Pokkharasādi’s conversion in DN 3 by a considerable period. This suggests that the conversion of Pokkharasādi, and the events that flowed from that, happened late in the Buddha’s career, perhaps in the final decade of his life. ",
   "dn10:1.4.3": "Ānanda was getting old. ",
   "dn10:1.5.1": "Cetaka is mentioned only here. The commentary says he was named for his home country of Cetī, which is roughly the modern region of Bundelkhand, about 500 km south-west of Sāvatthī. ",
-  "dn10:1.6.3": "What follows has much the same content as [dn2](), but arranged under these three heads rather than as successively refined happiness. ",
-  "dn10:2.1.1": "While _samādhi_ proper is the deep immersion in meditation, here it is a category that pertains to developing such states. ",
-  "dn10:2.37.9": "He had already gone to the Buddha for refuge in [mn99:28.4]() and [mn135:21.4](). "
+  "dn10:1.6.3": "What follows has much the same content as <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn2/en/sujato'>DN 2</a>, but arranged under these three heads rather than as successively refined happiness. ",
+  "dn10:2.1.1": "While <i lang='pi' translate='no'>samādhi</i> proper is the deep immersion in meditation, here it is a category that pertains to developing such states. ",
+  "dn10:2.37.9": "He had already gone to the Buddha for refuge in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/mn99/en/sujato#28.4'>MN 99:28.4</a> and <a href='https://suttacentral.net/mn135/en/sujato#21.4'>MN 135:21.4</a>. "
 }

comment/en/sujato/sutta/dn/dn11_comment-en-sujato.json

@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 {
-  "dn11:1.2": "This was the scene for some controversial discussions with Jains ([mn56](), [sn42.8]()), and Sāriputta’s touching declaration of faith shortly before his passing ([sn47.12](), [dn16:1.16.1](), [dn28]()). It is probably the Pāvā (modern Pawapuri) at which Mahāvīra died according to the Jain tradition. ",
-  "dn11:1.3": "Kevaḍḍha is mentioned only here. Manuscripts spell his name variously as Kevaddha or Kevaṭṭa (“fisherman”). The Chinese form <span lang='lzh'>堅固</span> means “sturdy” (from _dṛḍha_) and thus supports Kevaḍḍha. ",
+  "dn11:1.2": "This was the scene for some controversial discussions with Jains (<a href='https://suttacentral.net/mn56/en/sujato'>MN 56</a>, <a href='https://suttacentral.net/sn42.8/en/sujato'>SN 42.8</a>), and Sāriputta’s touching declaration of faith shortly before his passing (<a href='https://suttacentral.net/sn47.12/en/sujato'>SN 47.12</a>, <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn16/en/sujato#1.16.1'>DN 16:1.16.1</a>, <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn28/en/sujato'>DN 28</a>). It is probably the Pāvā (modern Pawapuri) at which Mahāvīra died according to the Jain tradition. ",
+  "dn11:1.3": "Kevaḍḍha is mentioned only here. Manuscripts spell his name variously as Kevaddha or Kevaṭṭa (“fisherman”). The Chinese form <span lang='lzh'>堅固</span> means “sturdy” (from <i lang='pi' translate='no'>dṛḍha</i>) and thus supports Kevaḍḍha. ",
   "dn11:1.5": "I have been asked to do the same thing for the same reason. ",
-  "dn11:1.9": "In fact it is forbidden in [Kd 15:8.2.23](https://suttacentral.net/pli-tv-kd15/en/brahmali#8.2.23). ",
-  "dn11:2.2": "The reading _dhaṁsemi_ is dubious. An old Burmese manuscript has the reading _dhammaṁ desemi_, which echoes the Buddha just above. Note too that Kevaḍḍha urges the Buddha to “direct” the monks (_samādisatu_, from the same root as _desemi_). I think the tension is deliberate: Kevaḍḍha says he isn’t telling the Buddha how to teach, but he absolutely is. Other readings convey the sense “attack, insult”, but this seems out of place. ",
-  "dn11:3.8": "As noted previously, the basic sense of _pāṭihāriya_ is “demonstration”, and as the context here shows, it may or may not involve a “demonstration of wonders” i.e. a “miracle”. ",
+  "dn11:1.9": "In fact it is forbidden in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/pli-tv-kd15/en/brahmali#8.2.23'>Kd 15:8.2.23</a>. ",
+  "dn11:2.2": "The reading <i lang='pi' translate='no'>dhaṁsemi</i> is dubious. An old Burmese manuscript has the reading <i lang='pi' translate='no'>dhammaṁ desemi</i>, which echoes the Buddha just above. Note too that Kevaḍḍha urges the Buddha to “direct” the monks (<i lang='pi' translate='no'>samādisatu</i>, from the same root as <i lang='pi' translate='no'>desemi</i>). I think the tension is deliberate: Kevaḍḍha says he isn’t telling the Buddha how to teach, but he absolutely is. Other readings convey the sense “attack, insult”, but this seems out of place. ",
+  "dn11:3.8": "As noted previously, the basic sense of <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāṭihāriya</i> is “demonstration”, and as the context here shows, it may or may not involve a “demonstration of wonders” i.e. a “miracle”. ",
   "dn11:3.10": "These three are mentioned frequently in the suttas. Only the last is endorsed by the Buddha, as it leads to genuine growth. ",
   "dn11:4.5": "Their priors have been confirmed. ",
   "dn11:5.1": "Note how a skeptical mindset sticks closer to the truth. ",
-  "dn11:5.2": "“Spell” is _vijjā_ (Sanskrit _vidyā_, “(potent) knowledge”, cf. English “wicca”, “wizard”, “witch”).  The commentary says it was practiced by the seers of Gandhāra (north-west Pakistan). Jain tradition also knows a Gandhārī mantra, but attribute it to certain _vidyādhara_ deities. Sanskrit tradition similarly knows of a _vidyādevī_ (“lore goddess”) named Gandhārī. Gandhāra was an ancient land of learning, and a convenient location for exotic magics. ",
+  "dn11:5.2": "“Spell” is <i lang='pi' translate='no'>vijjā</i> (Sanskrit <i lang='pi' translate='no'>vidyā</i>, “(potent) knowledge”, cf. English “wicca”, “wizard”, “witch”).  The commentary says it was practiced by the seers of Gandhāra (north-west Pakistan). Jain tradition also knows a Gandhārī mantra, but attribute it to certain <i lang='pi' translate='no'>vidyādhara</i> deities. Sanskrit tradition similarly knows of a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>vidyādevī</i> (“lore goddess”) named Gandhārī. Gandhāra was an ancient land of learning, and a convenient location for exotic magics. ",
   "dn11:5.7": "These feats that have nothing to do with spiritual growth, hence they may be produced or perhaps faked by a variety of means. ",
-  "dn11:6.1": "“Revealing” is _ādesana_, from root _dis_ “to indicate, show, or point”. ",
-  "dn11:6.2": "The Pali terms here are _citta_, _cetasika_, _vitakka_, and _vicāra_. ",
-  "dn11:6.3": "Here we have _mano_ (twice) and _citta_. ",
-  "dn11:7.2": "From _maṇi_, “gem”. Magical gems are a common feature of Indian storytelling. Buddhist stories often feature the “wish-granting gem” (_cintāmaṇi_), which according to the commentary is meant here. ",
+  "dn11:6.1": "“Revealing” is <i lang='pi' translate='no'>ādesana</i>, from root <i lang='pi' translate='no'>dis</i> “to indicate, show, or point”. ",
+  "dn11:6.2": "The Pali terms here are <i lang='pi' translate='no'>citta</i>, <i lang='pi' translate='no'>cetasika</i>, <i lang='pi' translate='no'>vitakka</i>, and <i lang='pi' translate='no'>vicāra</i>. ",
+  "dn11:6.3": "Here we have <i lang='pi' translate='no'>mano</i> (twice) and <i lang='pi' translate='no'>citta</i>. ",
+  "dn11:7.2": "From <i lang='pi' translate='no'>maṇi</i>, “gem”. Magical gems are a common feature of Indian storytelling. Buddhist stories often feature the “wish-granting gem” (<i lang='pi' translate='no'>cintāmaṇi</i>), which according to the commentary is meant here. ",
   "dn11:67.3": "This story is presented as an actual event, but is phrased like a fable. ",
-  "dn11:67.4": "The question is about meditation, not the annihilation of the material world. The first four _jhānas_ are based on the “subtle form” (_sukhumarūpa_) that manifests as light in deep meditation. He is asking how to go beyond this to the formless attainments. ",
-  "dn11:68.1": "The mendicant has already well developed the _jhānas_. | “Controlling the body as far as the Brahmā realm” is one of the “demonstrations of psychic power” listed above. ",
+  "dn11:67.4": "The question is about meditation, not the annihilation of the material world. The first four <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhānas</i> are based on the “subtle form” (<i lang='pi' translate='no'>sukhumarūpa</i>) that manifests as light in deep meditation. He is asking how to go beyond this to the formless attainments. ",
+  "dn11:68.1": "The mendicant has already well developed the <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhānas</i>. | “Controlling the body as far as the Brahmā realm” is one of the “demonstrations of psychic power” listed above. ",
   "dn11:68.2": "The “gods of the Four Great Kings” are deities born in a realm subject to the overlords known as the Four Great Kings. These deities inhabit the lowest of the celestial realms. ",
-  "dn11:68.7": "These are powerful spirits who guard the four quarters. In [an8.36]() it is explained that they, like the other leading gods mentioned below, achieved their station due to their greater generosity and morality. ",
+  "dn11:68.7": "These are powerful spirits who guard the four quarters. In <a href='https://suttacentral.net/an8.36/en/sujato'>AN 8.36</a> it is explained that they, like the other leading gods mentioned below, achieved their station due to their greater generosity and morality. ",
   "dn11:69.6": "The “Thirty-Three” enjoy refined sensual delights. The number is a reduplication of the trinity. In Buddhist texts they are not enumerated, but Yājñavalkya reckons them as eight Vasus, eleven Rudras, twelve Ādityas, plus Indra and Prajāpati (Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3.9.2). The final pair are elsewhere said to be Dyaus (“Heaven” = Zeus) and Pṛthivī (“Earth”), or the twin Aśvins. ",
   "dn11:70.6": "Conventionally known as “lord of gods”, but in fact the ruler only of the relatively lowly realm of the Thirty-Three. He is Vedic Indra, heroic slayer of the dragon Vṛtra, and is the most personally known god in the Pali Canon. ",
-  "dn11:72.1": "Gods in this realm (spelled _yāma_, “of Yama”) are subjects of the god of the dead, Yama. ",
-  "dn11:80.5": "The previous deities achieved their station by mere morality and generosity, not by _jhāna_. The gods of Brahmā’s Host practiced the first _jhāna_, but they do not know what lies beyond. ",
-  "dn11:80.7": "The same passage appears in [dn1:2.5.2](), where it also had a satirical tone, poking fun at the pomposity of religious titles. ",
+  "dn11:72.1": "Gods in this realm (spelled <i lang='pi' translate='no'>yāma</i>, “of Yama”) are subjects of the god of the dead, Yama. ",
+  "dn11:80.5": "The previous deities achieved their station by mere morality and generosity, not by <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhāna</i>. The gods of Brahmā’s Host practiced the first <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhāna</i>, but they do not know what lies beyond. ",
+  "dn11:80.7": "The same passage appears in <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn1/en/sujato#2.5.2'>DN 1:2.5.2</a>, where it also had a satirical tone, poking fun at the pomposity of religious titles. ",
   "dn11:80.8": "Even Brahmā’s community are not confident. ",
-  "dn11:80.12": "This passage may be one of the sources for the later use of _nimitta_ to mean the appearance of light that signifies the approach of _jhāna_. ",
-  "dn11:81.5": "He puffs his own chest, but like the ascetic teachers of [dn2](), he does not answer the question. ",
-  "dn11:82.2": "He addresses Brahmā with _āvuso_. This is often translated as “friend”, but the root is _āyu_ (“age”) and it is respectful not familiar. ",
+  "dn11:80.12": "This passage may be one of the sources for the later use of <i lang='pi' translate='no'>nimitta</i> to mean the appearance of light that signifies the approach of <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhāna</i>. ",
+  "dn11:81.5": "He puffs his own chest, but like the ascetic teachers of <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn2/en/sujato'>DN 2</a>, he does not answer the question. ",
+  "dn11:82.2": "He addresses Brahmā with <i lang='pi' translate='no'>āvuso</i>. This is often translated as “friend”, but the root is <i lang='pi' translate='no'>āyu</i> (“age”) and it is respectful not familiar. ",
   "dn11:83.1": "Rather than trying to engage with Brahmā’s agenda, he keeps restating his question. This is a skillful way of curbing narcissism. ",
   "dn11:83.6": "Brahmā is embarrassed to reveal his ignorance. Perhaps a satire of Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3.2.13, where Yājñavalkya takes Jāratkārava Ārtabhāga by the hand and leads him aside for a secret discussion. ",
   "dn11:83.9": "At least he is honest about his lack of knowledge, even if not publicly. ",
   "dn11:85.10": "The following verses are difficult because they speak of a kind of consciousness at the start and the cessation of consciousness at the end. The simplest way to resolve this is to assume there are two distinct questions. ",
-  "dn11:85.11": "This is a rephrasing of the original question, asking where the four “form” _jhānas_ end. ",
-  "dn11:85.13": "Here starts the second question, asking the deeper question of how all these things end. A similar list of descriptors elsewhere describes things that are not stolen ([snp3.9:45.1]()) or the kinds of sentient beings ([snp1.8:4.3]()). These are aspects of how “form” manifests in desirable or undesirable ways. ",
+  "dn11:85.11": "This is a rephrasing of the original question, asking where the four “form” <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhānas</i> end. ",
+  "dn11:85.13": "Here starts the second question, asking the deeper question of how all these things end. A similar list of descriptors elsewhere describes things that are not stolen (<a href='https://suttacentral.net/snp3.9/en/sujato#45.1'>Snp 3.9:45.1</a>) or the kinds of sentient beings (<a href='https://suttacentral.net/snp1.8/en/sujato#4.3'>Snp 1.8:4.3</a>). These are aspects of how “form” manifests in desirable or undesirable ways. ",
   "dn11:85.14": "The first four terms in this verse are identical with the first four terms in Yājñavalkya’s description of the immutable Brahman as “neither coarse nor fine, neither short nor long” at Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3.8.8. ",
-  "dn11:85.18": "“Infinite” (_ananta_) is the direct qualifier of “consciousness”, but in the Pali it is shifted to the next line to fit the meter. It indicates the second of the formless attainments. Yājñavalkya describes consciousness as infinite in the famous passage at Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 2.4.12. ",
-  "dn11:85.19": "“Invisible” (_anidassanaṁ_) here is a synonym for “formless” (see eg. [mn21:14.8](), “space is formless and invisible”, _ākāso arūpī anidassano_). Normally the colors and images seen in the “form” absorptions are described as “visible” (eg. [dn16:3.29.1]()), so this indicates the formless attainments. | _Pabhaṁ_ means “luminous”, as with the deities that are “self-luminous” (_sayaṁpabhā_, [dn27:10.3]()). _Sabbato pabhaṁ_ (“luminous all-round”) is synonymous with _pariyodāta_ (“bright”, literally “white all over”), a stock descriptor of the mind of fourth _jhāna_, on which the formless states are based. ",
+  "dn11:85.18": "“Infinite” (<i lang='pi' translate='no'>ananta</i>) is the direct qualifier of “consciousness”, but in the Pali it is shifted to the next line to fit the meter. It indicates the second of the formless attainments. Yājñavalkya describes consciousness as infinite in the famous passage at Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 2.4.12. ",
+  "dn11:85.19": "“Invisible” (<i lang='pi' translate='no'>anidassanaṁ</i>) here is a synonym for “formless” (see eg. <a href='https://suttacentral.net/mn21/en/sujato#14.8'>MN 21:14.8</a>, “space is formless and invisible”, <i lang='pi' translate='no'>ākāso arūpī anidassano</i>). Normally the colors and images seen in the “form” absorptions are described as “visible” (eg. <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn16/en/sujato#3.29.1'>DN 16:3.29.1</a>), so this indicates the formless attainments. | <i lang='pi' translate='no'>Pabhaṁ</i> means “luminous”, as with the deities that are “self-luminous” (<i lang='pi' translate='no'>sayaṁpabhā</i>, <a href='https://suttacentral.net/dn27/en/sujato#10.3'>DN 27:10.3</a>). <i lang='pi' translate='no'>Sabbato pabhaṁ</i> (“luminous all-round”) is synonymous with <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pariyodāta</i> (“bright”, literally “white all over”), a stock descriptor of the mind of fourth <i lang='pi' translate='no'>jhāna</i>, on which the formless states are based. ",
   "dn11:85.21": "I read these verses as broken into two statements. The first part, ending here, speaks of the formless attainments as “infinite consciousness”, agreeing with the highest of the Brahmanical meditative sages. The following verses go further to speak of the cessation of consciousness. ",
   "dn11:85.26": "According to dependent origination, when consciousness ceases, name and form cease, and with it the manifestation of all things desirable and undesirable in the world. "
 }